SOON TO BE LAUNCHED
StarMEX will be a crypto asset marketplace for the business, affiliates, and investors of Starworks Global Pte Ltd. It is being structured as a register of the Company’s Blockchain transactions.
StarMEX will operate a similar OTC Bulletin Board in that transactions are made by approved broker/dealer or affiliates.
The meaning of OTC is simply a security that is transacted “Over the Counter”, a trade by the Broker who negotiates directly with the buyer over either a computer network or by phone; using the tools/systems available.
In the USA the dealers act as Market Makers using the Pink Sheets or the OTC Bulletin Board to conduct and process the share trade transaction. Over-the-counter (OTC) trading refers to how the trading procedure of securities operates. Specifically, for companies that do not meet the requirements or it’s just not economic to seek listing on a formal Stock exchange, like the NASDAQ or New York Stock Exchange (NYSE), these trade OTC by way of a broker-dealer network.
Starworks has developed and operates the StarMEX Digital Exchange platform for and on behalf of its Clients and Affiliates, operating similar to the OTCBB, however, restricted to a limited number of Digital Stocks or Tokens.
The Starworks Affiliate is an individual or a corporate entity approved by Starworks Global Pte Ltd to trade goods and services on its StarMEX Platform. The Affiliate becomes a member of a closed user group and initially will trade STARX, Starworks Utility Token; then STARXS, the Starworks Group’s Digital Share, and ultimately Rewards Points, Commodities, and Services.
An Extract
Over-the-counter (finance)
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Over-the-counter (OTC) or off-exchange trading is done directly between two
parties, without the supervision
of an exchange. It is contrasted with exchange trading, which occurs via exchanges. A stock exchange has the
benefit of facilitating liquidity, providing transparency, and maintaining the current market price. In an OTC
trade, the price is not necessarily publicly disclosed.
OTC trading, as well as exchange trading, occurs with commodities, financial instruments (including stocks),
and derivatives of such products. Products traded on the exchange must be well standardized. This means that
exchanged deliverables match a narrow range of quantity, quality, and identity which is defined by the
exchange and identical to all transactions of that product. This is necessary for there to be transparency in
trading. The OTC market does not have this limitation. They may agree on an unusual quantity, for example. In
OTC, market contracts are bilateral (i.e. the contract is only between two parties), and each party could have
credit risk concerns with respect to the other party. The OTC derivative market is significant in some asset
classes: interest rate, foreign exchange, stocks, and commodities
In 2008 approximately 16 percent of all U.S. stock trades were "off-exchange trading"; by April 2014 that
number increased to about 40 percent.[1] Although the notional amount outstanding of OTC derivatives in late
2012 had declined 3.3% over the previous year, the volume of cleared transactions at the end of 2012 total
US$346.4 trillion.[3] "The Bank for International Settlements statistics on OTC derivatives markets showed
that notional amounts outstanding total $693 trillion at the end of June 2013... The gross market value of OTC
derivatives – that is, the cost of replacing all outstanding contracts at current market prices – declined
between end-2012 and end-June 2013, from $25 trillion to $20 trillion.
Stocks
In the United States, over-the-counter trading in stock is carried out by market makers using inter-dealer
quotation services such as OTC Link (a service offered by OTC Markets Group) and the OTC Bulletin Board
(OTCBB, operated by FINRA). The OTCBB licenses the services of OTC Link for their OTCBB securities. Although
exchange-listed stocks can be traded OTC on the third market, it is rarely the case. Usually OTC stocks are
not listed nor traded on exchanges, and vice versa. Stocks quoted on the OTCBB must comply with certain
limited U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) reporting requirements. The SEC imposes more stringent
financial and reporting requirements on other OTC stocks, specifically the OTCQX stocks (traded through the
OTC Market Group Inc). Other OTC stocks have no reporting requirements, for example Pink Sheets securities
and "gray market" stocks.
Some companies, with Wal-Mart as one of the largest,[5] began trading as OTC stocks and eventually upgraded
to a listing on fully regulated market. By 1969 Wal-Mart Stores Inc. was incorporated. In 1972, with stores
in five states, including Arkansas, Kansas, Louisiana, Oklahoma and Missouri, Wal-Mart began trading as
over-the-counter (OTC) stocks. By 1972 Walmart had earned over US$1 billion in sales — the fastest company
to ever accomplish this. In 1972 Wal-Mart was listed on the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE) under the ticker
symbol WMT.
Contracts
An over-the-counter is a bilateral contract in which two parties (or their brokers or bankers as
intermediaries) agree on how a particular trade or agreement is to be settled in the future. It is usually
from an investment bank to its clients directly. Forwards and swaps are prime examples of such contracts.
It is mostly done online or by telephone. For derivatives, these agreements are usually governed by an
International Swaps and Derivatives Association agreement. This segment of the OTC market is occasionally
referred to as the "Fourth Market." Critics have labeled the OTC market as the "dark market" because
prices are often unpublished and unregulated.
Over-the-counter derivatives are especially important for hedging risk in that they can be used to create
a "perfect hedge." With exchange traded contracts, standardization does not allow for as much flexibility
to hedge risk because the contract is a one-size-fits-all instrument. With OTC derivatives, though, a firm
can tailor the contract specifications to best suit its risk exposure.
Counterparty risk
OTC derivatives can lead to significant risks. Especially counterparty risk has gained particular
emphasis due to the credit crisis in 2007. Counterparty risk is the risk that a counterparty in a
derivatives transaction will default prior to expiration of the trade and will not make the current and
future payments required by the contract.[7] There are many ways to limit counterparty risk. One of them
focuses on controlling credit exposure with diversification, netting, collateralisation and hedging.[8]
Central counterparty clearing of OTC trades has become more common in recent years, with regulators
placing pressure on the OTC markets to clear and display trades openly.
In their market review published in 2010 the International Swaps and Derivatives Association examined
OTC Derivative Bilateral Collateralization Practice as one way of mitigating risk.
Importance of OTC derivatives in modern banking
OTC derivatives are significant part of the world of global finance. The OTC derivatives markets grew
exponentially from 1980 through 2000. This expansion has been driven by interest rate products, foreign
exchange instruments and credit default swaps. The notional outstanding of OTC derivatives markets rose
throughout the period and total approximately US$601 trillion at December 31, 2010.
In their 2000 paper by Schinasi et al. published by the International Monetary Fund in 2001, the authors
observed that the increase in OTC derivatives transactions would have been impossible "without the dramatic
advances in information and computer technologies" that occurred from 1980 to 2000.[12] During that time,
major internationally active financial institutions significantly increased the share of their earnings from
derivatives activities. These institutions manage portfolios of derivatives involving tens of thousands of
positions and aggregate global turnover over $1 trillion. At that time prior to the financial crisis of 2008,
the OTC market was an informal network of bilateral counterparty relationships and dynamic, time-varying
credit exposures whose size and distribution tied to important asset markets. International financial
institutions increasingly nurtured the ability to profit from OTC derivatives activities and financial markets
participants benefitted from them. In 2000 the authors acknowledged that the growth in OTC transactions "in
many ways made possible, the modernization of commercial and investment banking and the globalization of
finance."[12] However, in September, an IMF team led by Mathieson and Schinasi cautioned that "episodes of
turbulence" in the late 1990s "revealed the risks posed to market stability originated in features of OTC
derivatives instruments and markets. The NYMEX has created a clearing mechanism for a slate of commonly traded
OTC energy derivatives which allows counterparties of many bilateral OTC transactions to mutually agree to
transfer the trade to ClearPort, the exchange's clearing house, thus eliminating credit and performance risk
of the initial OTC transaction counterparts.